Kidney stones are a condition of the formation of a hard material that resemble stones in the kidney . The material comes from residual waste substances in the blood that the kidneys were then separated precipitate and crystallize over time .
Sedimentary rocks in the kidneys can be caused by food or other underlying health problems . Based on the types of kidney stones , this condition can be divided into four main types , namely calcium stones , uric acid stones , struvite stones and cystine stones .
Symptoms of kidney stones
Symptoms usually due to kidney stones will not be felt if the sufferer is still in the stones in the kidney. Symptoms also will not be felt if the kidney stones is very small so it can get out of the body through the ureter with ease. The ureters are channels that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
Symptoms of kidney stones can only be felt if the stone is larger than the diameter of the ureter tract. Large stone will rub against the wall lining uterer which can cause irritation and even injuries. Therefore, urine can sometimes containing blood. In addition to irritate the ureter, kidney stones can also be stuck in the ureter so that urine can not go out and accumulate in the kidneys.
Symptoms of kidney stones can be a pain in the waist, lower abdomen, and groin. In addition to pain, symptoms of kidney stones may be more vomiting, chills and fever.
Kidney stone patients in Indonesia
A kidney stone is a disease that a relatively high number of patients in Asia, particularly in Indonesia. According to a survey conducted by the US Census Bureu in 2004, the number of patients with kidney stones in Indonesia is estimated at 876,000 people. Kidney stones are fairly common condition suffered by people aged 30 to 60 years. This disease affects more by men than women.
The diagnosis of kidney stones
In diagnosing kidney stones, the doctor will first try to dig up information in advance of the patient about symptoms they experienced. Usually the doctor will ask if the patient had been suffering from kidney stones earlier, had a family history of disease, the same, or whether the recent patients often eat foods or supplements that can trigger the formation of kidney stones.
After oral information is collected, the doctor will perform a number of tests to make the diagnosis if necessary. Such tests can include urine tests, blood tests, and examinations through images such as intravenous urogram images, CT scans, and X-ray.
( read also : recognize-symptoms-of-kidney-stones )
Treatment of kidney stones
Treatment of kidney stones are divided into two by the size of the kidney stone. If a kidney stone is still relatively small or moderate, and they can pass through the urinary tract without surgery, the doctor will usually advise patients to drink water only appropriate recommended dose. With the liquid flow continuously, are expected to kidney stones can be pushed out by itself.
If the symptoms are felt by patients is quite disturbing, doctors usually prescribe enough painkillers, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen or codeine.
Treatment of kidney stones with surgery is very rarely done. This step will usually only be applied if the stones are larger in size thus blocking the urinary tract of patients. If not promptly treated, it is feared these conditions can cause severe health problems such as bleeding or kidney damage.
Prevention of kidney stones
How to prevent kidney stones is actually quite simple. You only need to drink enough water every day and limit consumption of foods, beverages, or supplements that contain substances that could potentially cause the formation of kidney stones, such as oxalate, calcium, and protein.
In addition to drinking enough water and to limit intake of certain substances, prevention of kidney stones can also be done by taking drugs prescribed by doctors. This step is usually recommended to prevent relapse for those who have previously suffered from kidney stones.
symptoms of kidney stones
Symptoms of kidney stones usually will not be felt if the sufferer is still in the stones in the kidney. Symptoms also will not be felt if the kidney stones are so small that excluded them from the body through the ureter with ease.
Symptoms of kidney stones as a result of pronounced when larger stones out of the kidney to the ureter. The ureter is a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. The ureter is a tube-shaped organ with sensitive tissues. When kidney stones are large enough pass through the ureter, the stone will rub against the wall of the ureter, causing irritation and even injuries. This is why sometimes the urine may contain blood. If the stone is large enough, a stone may become lodged in the ureter thus hampering the flow of urine to the kidneys.
Symptoms of kidney stones is the most common abdominal pain and lower back, waist and crotch. The pain can be felt as a constant or may come and go.
Other symptoms of a kidney stone that appears is the increased frequency of urination and pain during urination. Urine color also looks cloudy and smells different than usual. Turbid color like brown or reddish in the urine can be due to bleeding when kidney stones pass through the urinary tract.
In addition, patients are also difficult to rest in peace, experience nausea, and vomiting.
If a stone lodged in the ureter so that the urine accumulate in the kidneys and cause a kidney infection, the patient's body temperature will rise. Kidney infection also makes people feel chills, have diarrhea, and feeling very weak.
cause kidney stones
Kidneys clean the blood every day by filtering waste substances contained in it for the next disposed in the form of urine. Sometimes the levels of these substances are too high that can not be completely removed by the body and settles in the kidneys. These deposits can eventually harden or crystallize, forming what is called kidney stones.
Sedimentary rocks in the kidneys can be caused by food or other underlying health problems. Based on these factors, kidney stones can be divided into four main types, namely calcium stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones and cystine stones.
Calcium stones caused by high calcium levels in the urine. This type of kidney stones is the most common. High levels of calcium can come from foods that contain oxalate and vitamin D, such as soybeans, beef liver, chocolate, tea, coffee, and oysters. The high calcium can also be caused by an overactive parathyroid gland. Hormones produced by these glands function as a regulator of the amount of calcium in the blood.
The second is uric acid stones. These stones are formed due to high levels of uric acid in the urine caused by foods high in purine high. Examples of foods that trigger high uric acid are shellfish, mutton and offal. In addition to kidney stones, uric acid stones can also be formed and lead to gout or gouty arthritis.
The third is struvite stones. This is a type of kidney stones can form and swell rapidly. The main cause struvite stone formation is a urinary tract infection is not treated and left alone. This rock type is more common in female patients than male patients.
The latter is a cystine stones. Kidney stones are formed due to the excessive number of amino acid cystine that is removed by the kidneys. Cystine stones is a type of kidney stone that is extremely rare. This condition is caused by a disease known as cystinuria.
diagnosis of kidney stones
In diagnosing kidney stones, the doctor will first try to dig up information in advance of the patient about symptoms they experienced. Usually the doctor will ask if the patient had been suffering from kidney stones earlier, had a family history of disease, the same, or whether the recent patients often eat foods or supplements that can trigger the formation of kidney stones.
After oral information is collected, the test will be conducted to ascertain the diagnosis. Such tests can include urine tests, blood tests, and examinations through images such as intravenous urogram images, CT scans, or X-ray.
Urine examination is performed to determine the presence of urinary tract infections associated with kidney stones. In addition, if the urine sample contains flakes of kidney stones, these tests can help physicians recognize the type of kidney stone formation.
As for the blood tests, the method is performed to help the doctor determine levels of substances that could potentially cause kidney stones, such as calcium or uric acid levels in the blood. In addition, blood tests are also conducted to check whether the patient's kidney was still functioning properly.
The latter is an examination through picture image with X-ray, CT scan or intravenous urogram (IVU). Examination that can only be done at this hospital actually have the same goal, namely to ensure the existence and determine the position of kidney stones precisely and accurately.
The analysis will greatly assist the physician in determining treatment or medication in accordance with the condition of patients with kidney stones.
treatment of kidney stones
Treatment of kidney stones are divided into two by size. If still relatively small, the stone can still be through the urinary tract without having surgery to remove it. Your doctor will usually advise patients to do the appropriate preventive treatment, by drinking enough water every day. With the liquid flow continuously, it is expected that a small kidney stones can be pushed out by itself.
If the white water is considered not enough, your doctor may prescribe medication to help smooth expenditure kidney stones, for example tamsulosin.
If the patient has symptoms felt quite disturbing, doctors usually prescribe enough painkillers, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen and codeine. In addition to pain relief, the doctor will give you medication to manage the symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Alpha inhibitors are also available to make the walls of the ureter become more relaxed. The goal is that kidney stones can pass through more easily.
Treatment of kidney stones with operasilebih rarely do. This measure will be applied if the stone is sized so that clog the urinary tract of patients. If not promptly treated, it is feared these conditions can cause severe health problems, such as bleeding or kidney damage. Procedures for handling large kidney stones are:
- Ureterorenoskopi, namely the appointment procedure of kidney stones by using a tool called ureteroskop inserted into the ureter through the urethra and bladder. The urethra is the latest channel to discharge urine from the bladder to outside the body. Device resembling a small tube and fitted the camera can see the location of kidney stones. Once the location is known, the stone will be destroyed. Ureterorenoskopi usually done to treat stones trapped in the ureter.
- Open surgery. In modern times, as now, this procedure has actually been relatively rare and only performed to remove kidney stones that are very large. As the name implies, open surgery is done by making an incision on the skin surface close to the kidneys and ureters that serves as an access for the surgeon to remove kidney stones.
- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or ESWL abbreviated, the procedure for destruction of kidney stones by using wave energy. Crushed stone that the fractures can come out easily.
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy PCNL or abbreviated, namely the procedure for destruction of kidney stones. A small incision is made on the surface of the skin near the kidney, so a tool called nephroscope can go to break and lift the kidney stone chips.
complications of kidney stones
Cases of complications arising from kidney stones are rare. Even so these conditions should not be taken lightly. Obstruction of urine discharge rate is not only painless, but it is feared could lead to a more serious condition such as infection or even kidney failure if not handled properly. Besides the potential impact on the kidneys, the most common complication is the tendency for recurrence of kidney stones. If you have ever suffered from kidney stones before, then you have the opportunity to re-exposed to the same conditions. Here are the factors triggering the formation of kidney stones repeatedly:
- Too many foods containing protein and eating too little fiber.
- It only has one kidney was still functioning.
- Never experienced some infections associated with kidney or urinary system before.
- Having a family history of kidney stone disease.
- Had undergone surgery on the digestive system.
- Routine taking supplements containing vitamin D and calcium.
- Taking drugs such as aspirin, certain antibiotics, antacids, diuretics, anti-epileptic drugs, and drugs for HIV.
Procedures for the appointment of kidney stones are large, especially with ureterorenoskopi method also has the potential to cause complications such as bleeding, injury to the ureter tract, ureter obstruction due to stone chips kidney and blood infections or sepsis.
prevention of kidney stones
How to prevent kidney stones is actually quite simple. The first is to drink enough water every day. Besides being able to prevent dehydration, drink enough water can dilute your urine so the waste substances are filtered from the blood kidney is not easy to settle and always wasted smoothly.
The second preventive measure is to limit the consumption of food, drinks, or supplements that contain substances that could potentially cause the formation of kidney stones. For example, such as calcium, oxalate, vitamin D, and animal protein.
Examples of foods or drinks that contain oxalates are:
Milk and soy beans
Know
Tempe
Sardine
Chocolate
Tea
Coffee
eggplant
Spinach
Beer
Examples of foods containing D vitamin are:
Fish oil
Egg yolk
beef liver
Oyster
Milk and soy beans
Tempe
Know
Oyster
mushroom
In addition to drinking enough water and to limit intake of certain nutrients, prevention of kidney stones can also be done by taking drugs prescribed by doctors. For example the drug allopurinol to lower uric acid levels in the blood, thus preventing the formation of uric acid kidney stones. This step is usually recommended for those who have previously suffered from kidney stones so that the condition does not recur.
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