ADHD , or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder more commonly known as hyperactivity . ADHD is a long-term disorder that strikes millions of children with symptoms that can last until adulthood . Anyone likely to suffer from ADHD , but these conditions are commonly experienced by people with learning disorders .
Some of the symptoms experienced in the behavior of ADHD include difficulty concentrating, and the emergence of hyperactive and impulsive behavior. The symptoms of ADHD are generally visible from an early age and tend to be more pronounced when there is a change in the situation around the child, for example, began studying at the school. Most cases of ADHD detected at the age of 6-12 years. Children with ADHD tend to be low self-esteem, difficulty making friends, and having inadequate achievement.
ADHD tends to be more frequent and easily detected in males than females. For example, boys generally have more hyperactive behavior while girls tend to be more silent, but it was hard to concentrate.
Risk Factors in ADHD
The cause of ADHD is not known with certainty. But some research suggests that there are several factors that can affect a person's risk level. These risk factors include heredity, the influence of abnormalities in the central nervous system, as well as the effects of premature birth.
ADHD Diagnosis Process
Not all children have difficulty concentrating and hyperactivity must have ADHD. Healthy children are generally very active and often makes parents overwhelmed.
Therefore, the diagnosis of ADHD requires the cooperation of various parties. A number of physical and psychological examination of pediatricians and psychiatrists will be undertaken by people with ADHD.
Step Treatments for ADHD
The symptoms of ADHD often decreases with age , but there are also people with ADHD who still experience it into adulthood . However , there are several methods that can be studied in order that these symptoms can be controlled . Some measures taken include medication , behavioral therapy and social interaction therapy .
symptoms of ADHD
ADHD symptoms commonly seen at an early age, that is, before the age of six years and tends to be more evident when there is a change in the situation around the child, for example, began studying at the school. Most cases of ADHD detected at the age of 6-12 years with symptoms which include:
In contrast with the symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents are easily recognizable, the symptoms of ADHD in adults, including difficult to detect. Experts suspect that ADHD symptoms experienced by a person as an adult started from childhood.
- Difficulty concentrating.
- Difficult to obey instructions.
- Tend to look not listen.
- Easily bored.
- Can not stand still or agitated.
- Can not wait.
- Forgetfulness and loss of goods, such as stationery.
- Difficulties in arranging.
- Often do not complete the assigned task and turning over the task.
- Always move or very physically active.
- Acting without thinking.
- Lack of understanding of the dangers or bad consequences.
- Often interrupting others.
ADHD symptoms are commonly experienced by children and adolescents above are also sometimes experienced by adult patients, but with different intensities. Usually be reduced hyperactive behavior, difficulty concentrating while symptoms tend to get worse with the increasing pressures of life.
People with adult ADHD will generally have problems in education and employment, for example due to poor organizational skills or can not determine priorities. Life and social relationships can also be blocked, for example, is difficult to have a friend or spouse.
ADHD will not trigger a psychological disorder or other developments. However, this condition can usually be experienced along with several other disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD.
If you suspect your child is having most of the symptoms of ADHD, you should immediately take him to the doctor. A series of physical and psychological examinations will be conducted in order to diagnose the type of interference as well as evaluating the trigger.
Causes of ADHD
The cause of ADHD can not be known with certainty . But some research suggests that a person's risk for suffering from this condition can be caused by a combination of several factors .
- Heredity . Having a mother, father , or sister with the same condition or another mental disorder .
- Premature birth.
- Abnormalities in brain structure or function .
- Damage to the brain that occurs in the womb or early childhood .
- Mothers who use illegal drugs , consuming alcohol , and smoking during pregnancy .
- Mothers who are exposed to toxins from the environment , such compounds polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs ) .
- Exposure to toxins from the environment in childhood , such as lead contained in paint .
Diagnosis ADHD
Not all children are difficulty concentrating and hyperactivity must have ADHD. Healthy children are generally very active and often makes parents overwhelmed. Teens too. Although it looks like not listening, impulsive behavior, and attention they tend to be easily distracted, they do not necessarily suffer from ADHD.Therefore, the diagnosis of ADHD requires the cooperation of various parties. A number of physical and psychological examination of pediatricians and psychiatrists will be undertaken. In addition to the family, the school, especially teachers should also be involved in this process.
While the diagnostic process in patients with adult ADHD is quite difficult. A diagnosis of ADHD usually can only be ascertained if patients already have symptoms of ADHD since childhood.
Doctors and psychiatrists will also involve the family (especially parents), teachers, and contacts the patient to ask the patient's behavior while still children. According to experts, the patient is considered to have ADHD if these symptoms are not experienced since childhood.
ADHD Treatment
Although it can not be cured completely, there are several types of medication and therapy for ADHD that can be selected. The steps of this treatment done to alleviate the symptoms so that patients can enjoy normal life and better quality.
However, there are no shortcuts to deal with ADHD. It takes a commitment of time, emotion, and finance to find a combination of ADHD treatment methods appropriate and suitable for you or your child.
Treatment with Drugs
Although it can not cure, medications can reduce symptoms of ADHD. There are four types of commonly used drugs, namely methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamine, and atomoxetine.
Methylphenidate, dexamfetamine, and lisdexamfetamine included in the class of stimulant drugs. These drugs will lead to increased brain activity, especially on the control of attention and behavior. The effect of these medications is the patient became calmer, less impulsive, and can focus.
Methylphenidate is generally used for teenagers and children over six years. If the patient does not fit with this drug, doctors will replace it with dexamfetamine. While dexamfetamine recommended for children over the age of three years.
If the stimulant type drugs are not suitable for the patient, for example, for certain health reasons, your doctor will usually give atomoxetine. These drugs include the type of selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). SNRI compounds will increase the levels of noradrenaline in the brain so that it can help in concentration and impulse control. Atomoxetine can be prescribed to teenagers and children over six years.
All drugs definitely have side effects, including medications for ADHD. Some of the common side effects occur when using were headache, loss of appetite and indigestion. But atomoxetine users to be more vigilant because this drug is also expected to trigger a more serious side effects, which lead to suicidal thoughts and liver damage.
Patients who have undergone treatment step should be screened regularly to the doctor until symptoms of ADHD was significantly reduced. After his condition improved too, it is recommended that patients undergo periodic examination.
Handling Through Therapy
In addition to medication, treatment of ADHD can be equipped with therapy. This method is also useful for dealing with other disorders that may accompany ADHD, such as depression. The types of therapy that can be selected include:
People close to the patient ADHD such as parents, siblings, and teachers also need knowledge as well as aid in order to guide the patient. Here are some types of therapy and training that may be useful.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy). This therapy will help people with ADHD to change the mindset and behavior when faced with a particular problem or situation.
- Psychological therapy. People with ADHD will be invited to share their stories in this therapy, for example, their difficulty in overcoming the symptoms of ADHD and finding ways to cope with the symptoms.
- Training of social interaction. This type of therapy can help people with ADHD to understand appropriate social behavior in certain situations.
ADHD can not be cured, but proper diagnosis and early treatment can help people adapt to the conditions themselves.
- Behavioral therapy. In this therapy, parents and nurses with ADHD will be trained to develop strategies to help the patient in everyday behavior and cope with difficult situations. For example, by applying the system to encourage the patient's praise.
- Training and teaching programs for the elderly. In addition to helping parents to better understand the behavior of people with ADHD, this step can also provide an overview of the specific guidance that required the patient.
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