Vertigo is a symptom with a sensation of self or was spinning around . There is a condition of mild vertigo and not too pronounced and there are severe that disrupt the routines .
Vertigo attack is quite varied , ranging from which lasted for a few seconds until longer. Severe vertigo attacks can continue for several days so that the sufferer can not move normally.
Other symptoms associated with vertigo are losing your balance will become very difficult to stand or walk , nausea or vomiting , and dizziness.
Again, talk to your doctor if you vertigo ongoing. Your doctor will ask your symptoms and perform simple checks. In addition, doctors may suggest further tests if you are experiencing vertigo for confirmation of the diagnosis of your vertigo.
( read also :know-types-of-headaches )
Various Causes of Vertigo
The most common cause of vertigo is a disorder of balance mechanism located in the inner ear. Other common causes are:
Aside from the above, vertigo can be caused by disorders of the brain. Additional symptoms commonly experienced by patients in some cases of vertigo include high fever, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and hearing loss.
- Migraine - headache unbearable.
- Benign Paroxysmal Position Vertigo or terms Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo generally (BBPV) - vertigo triggered by certain changes in head position.
- Vestibular neuritis- vestibular nerve inflammation in the inner ear.
- Meniere's disease - a rare illness that attacks the inner ear.
Step Treatment of Vertigo
Vertigo itself is a symptom and not a disease. Therefore, how to cope with the symptoms of vertigo depends on the disease that causes it.
Some cases of vertigo, such as those caused by vestibular neuritis (types of ear infections caused by viruses), sometimes get better without treatment. But patients with Meniere's disease often experience vertigo usually for months or even years.
There are several causes of vertigo that require specific treatment steps. For example BBPV which can largely be cured with the Epley maneuver included a simple corrective procedure.
Drugs such as prochlorperazine and antihistamines, are also generally able to help cure vertigo. But these drugs are usually only effective for early stage and should not be used for the long term.
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy from therapists can also help a lot of people with vertigo. This therapy can help the brain to adapt to the confusing signals from the ear that cause vertigo so that the frequency is reduced.
Individual Treatments for Vertigo
There are some suggestions to reduce or prevent symptoms of vertigo are usually given by doctors and specialists who deal with you. Among them:
Causes of Vertigo
- Avoid sudden movements to keep from falling.
- Immediately sit down if vertigo attack.
- Use several pillows so that the position of the head during sleep becomes higher.
- Move your head slowly.
- Avoid head movement up, squatting, or a body bent.
- Enlist the help of others to do simple exercises in an effort to reduce the symptoms of vertigo.
- Identify the things that can trigger your vertigo.
Vertigo is a symptom of several different diseases. In addition to frequent disruptions caused by the existing balance mechanism in the inner ear, vertigo can also be due to problems in the brain or nervous system.
Type of vertigo can be divided into two categories according to the cause. Two categories are peripheral vertigo and central vertigo.
The most common type of vertigo is peripheral vertigo, such as labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV), and Meniere's disease. This type of vertigo is caused by disturbances in the balance mechanism located in the inner ear.
Disruption or problems in the cerebellum is located behind a large brain or brainstem (lower part of the brain connected to the spinal cord) can cause central vertigo. Another cause of central vertigo include migraine, multiple sclerosis, drugs, and brain tumors.
Benign Paroxysmal Position Vertigo (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / BPPV)
Change the position and movement of the head is a cause of vertigo in BPPV cases. BPPV is one of the causes terumum vertigo symptoms. The cases marked with an attack of vertigo brief, intense, and recurrent (usually lasts a few seconds or a few minutes). BPPV can occur when you move suddenly, for example, stood up from a squatting position, twist or bow, twisting, or looked up.
Nausea is often a symptom in BPPV, but not with vomiting. During BPPV attack, you may also experience nystagmus short so you can not focus. Nystagmus is eyeball movement uncontrolled. Dizziness and loss of balance will last for a few minutes after the attack ends.
The cause of BPPV is expected due to debris fragments (crystalline calcium carbonate) which is separated from the inner wall of the ear canal. These flakes only cause interference if it gets into the inner ear canal is full of fluid.
These flakes will usually drift along the canals of the inner ear due to a certain head movements and causes abnormal fluid movement. Such a movement would send confusing signals to the brain and trigger vertigo.
BPPV can occur in the young and old, but it primarily affects the elderly aged 50 years and over. BPPV can also attack with no apparent cause, or after the patient has an ear infection, ear surgery, head injury, as well as a long lay.
BPPV attacks vary in each person. There are experienced for a few days and no longer. BPPV ongoing corrective maneuvers should be dealt with from a doctor or specialist.
Vertigo and Migraine
Migraine is a headache attacks are intolerable, especially on the front or on one side of the head, sometimes accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light (photophobia).
Migraine usually experienced by young people and is considered as one of the common causes of vertigo. Avoiding triggers and treating migraines can usually cure vertigo.
infection labyrinthitis
The labyrinth is a winding channel full of fluid that controls hearing and balance. An infection that causes inflammation of the sensitive structures are located in the deepest part of the ear known as labyrinthitis.
Inflammation of the labyrinth will lead to information sent to the brain from the ears and eyes of uninfected different from the information sent by the side of the infected ear. It is this difference that can trigger vertigo and dizziness.
A common cause of labyrinthitis is a virus, for example in the case of a cold or flu. Another cause is a bacterium which is not common. Vertigo due to labyrinthitis usually accompanied by symptoms such as:
Inflammation Due to Virus
- Pain in the ear
- Gag
- Nausea
- Tinnitus or ringing in the ears
- hearing loss
- High fever
An inner ear disorder in which there is inflammation of the nerves that connect the brain called the labyrinth and vestibular neuritis. In certain cases, may also participate inflamed labyrinth. A disease that often comes suddenly is usually caused by a viral infection. The symptoms are:
Patients usually experience hearing loss. This disease can last for several hours to several days, but sometimes it can take six weeks to heal completely.
- Body limp
- Nausea
- Gag
Due Vertigo Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease is a rare disease that attacks the inner ear. One of the symptoms are severe vertigo. The disease also can cause the patient to experience hearing loss, ringing in the ears, and the sensation of ear feels full.
If you suffer from Meniere's disease, attacks will come suddenly for hours or even days that often cause nausea and vomiting.
The cause of the disease is unknown, but symptoms can be controlled with diet and medication and rarely requires follow-up surgery.
Effects in Head Injury
Vertigo also can sometimes occur after a head injury. Get to the doctor or went to the hospital in case of symptoms, such as dizziness or vertigo, after you have suffered a head injury.
Diagnosis Vertigo
Before examining the simple to distinguish ordinary vertigo and dizziness, the doctor usually will ask your symptoms first. Doctors also sometimes recommends further investigation if necessary.
To provide an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will ask you to describe your symptoms. For example the situation in the first attack you, duration, frequency of occurrence, triggers, and the degree of influence of symptoms on daily life.
You also need to tell in detail if you are experiencing an attack of vertigo accompanied by other symptoms. Among these are changes in hearing, tinnitus, or vomiting.
Doctors also usually will ask you and your family health history. For example, if your family members who are also experiencing vertigo, drugs that you use regularly, and if you ever have an ear infection or a head injury in the near future.
Steps Vertigo Diagnosis
Examination by triggering vertigo
Vertigo is a symptom that can be caused by several diseases. Therefore, doctors also usually will recommend a medical examination to distinguish the cause. This process includes examination of the inner ear and eye exams to check whether or not the movement of the eyeball uncontrolled (nystagmus).
The doctor may also check your balance or vertigo fishing with Dix-Hallpike maneuver. The cause of vertigo is most often diagnosed with this process is Benign Paroxysmal Position Vertigo (BPPV).
Hearing screening to specialist ENT
Examination through a tuning fork test and audiometric tests will be performed by a specialist in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) if you are experiencing tinnitus (ringing in the ears) or hearing loss.
examination nystagmus
Nystagmus may indicate problems in the organs that control the body's balance and sometimes find detailed inspection using elektronistagmografi process (ENG) and the process of recording the eye movements with glasses videonistagmografi (VNG).
Testing for organ caloric balance
These tests use warm or cold water to be poured into the ear to check the performance of the balance organ of the inner ear that has been stimulated by changes in temperature of the water .
Posturography to check the balance
Posturography will help the rehabilitation planning all the while monitoring the treatment process and use the testbed machine balance.
The process of scanning headVertigo treatment
Doctors also sometimes recommends MRI scan or CT scan of the head to examine the causes of vertigo , such as acoustic neuroma ( a benign tumor ) .
Treatment of vertigo depends on the cause and severity. Nausea and spinning sensation may be reduced by lying quietly in a dark room. You are also advised to take the medication at the same time. Avoid situations that trigger stress will also help for anxiety will aggravate vertigo.
Benign Paroxysmal Position Vertigo (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo / BPPV)
Benign Paroxysmal Position Vertigo (BPPV) is often healed within a few weeks or a few months without treatment. Experts estimate that healing occurs due to debris in the ear canal which causes vertigo already melted or stuck in another part.
But sometimes BPPV may recur. During BPPV has not healed completely, you should wake up slowly and avoid activities that require you to look up, such as painting, decorating, or looking for something on the top shelf. This disease can also be treated with the Epley maneuver.
Treatment of vertigo symptoms with Epley maneuver
The procedure is also called kanalit repositioning technique has proved effective in treating the symptoms of vertigo. Epley maneuver includes four different head movements to move the debris causes of vertigo to other parts. Each position of the head will be detained for at least 30 seconds. You may experience vertigo during the procedure.
Your condition will generally be improved shortly after Epley maneuver, but it may take a maximum of two weeks for a full recovery. This procedure usually do not need to be repeated. Consult a physician if there is no change in your condition after four weeks.
Instructions that patients do not lie flat for 48 hours after the procedure are also considered to be no longer needed. In general, this treatment is not a treatment with permanent effects and may need to be repeated at a time.
Treatment of vertigo symptoms with exercise Brandt-Daroff
If you have a problem in the neck or back, Epley maneuver is not suitable for you. Therefore, you should try to exercise Brandt-Daroff. This procedure is a series of movements BBPV reliever that you can do yourself at home.
But you are encouraged to learn in advance of a doctor. Do it 3-4 times in a row for 1-2 days. Your condition will usually improve within a maximum of two weeks.
Suggestions for BPPVIf the Epley maneuver is not effective for you, your condition does not improve after four weeks, or you have unusual symptoms, your doctor may refer you to a specialist in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).Triggering Migraine Vertigo
Although uncommon, vertigo can last for months or even years. This may be caused by clogged channels were full of fluid in the ear. ENT specialist will explain it to you and may recommend surgery if necessary.
If migraines are diagnosed as the cause of the vertigo, the patient can undergo treatment at home and using medicines similar to migraines, such as triptans.
infection labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the labyrinth, sensitive structures located in the deepest part of the ear. The disease is usually caused by a viral infection and can recover without treatment. Although rare, a bacterial infection also may cause labyrinthitis and is usually treated with antibiotics.
Your doctor may refer you to a specialist in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist or doctor audiovestibular (doctors who specialize in disorders of hearing and balance) if your hearing loss. You may need emergency treatment to restore your hearing.
In addition, the disease can be treated with vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Although this type of therapy is still very rare in Indonesia, you can ask more of your physician.
Nerve inflammation Due to Virus
Vestibular is one of the nerves in the balance mechanism located in the ear. Vestibular neuritis is an inflammation of the vestibular nerve that is usually caused by a viral infection.
Although this disease can indeed be cured within a few weeks without treatment, you may have to continue to lie if you experience severe vestibular neuritis. Get to the doctor if your condition does not improve after one week. This disease can also be treated with vestibular rehabilitation therapy and medication.
Your balance may also be affected if you are consuming alcohol, fatigue, and have other diseases. Be on guard for your health and avoid the consumption of liquor.
Suggestions for the Central Vertigo
Problems in the cerebellum which is located just above the brain stem or in the brain stem that is connected to the spinal cord can cause central vertigo. In addition to the main cause of migraine is so central vertigo, brain tumors are also included, though very rarely causes.
Your doctor will refer you to the neurologist, ENT specialist, or a specialist if you suspect you are experiencing audiovestibular central vertigo.
Meniere's disease is Rare
Meniere's disease is a rare disease that attacks the inner ear. If your vertigo is caused by this disease, there are some effective steps to simultaneously handle both. That is:
Step Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy
- Drugs to prevent attacks of Meniere's disease.
- Drugs to treat Meniere's disease.
- Suggestions for diet, especially low in salt.
- Physiotherapy to overcome balance disturbances.
- Treatment for hearing loss, such as hearing aids.
- Treatment for tinnitus (ringing in the ears), such as sound therapy to reduce the difference between the noise of tinnitus with other sounds that tinnitus disturbance noticeably reduced.
- Treatment for secondary symptoms of Meniere's disease, such as stress, anxiety, and depression.
Exercise therapy is commonly called vestibular rehabilitation (Vestibular Rehabilitation Training / VRT) include specific exercises to encourage the brain to adapt to the trigger signal from the ear. The brain is stimulated to rely on signals from other parts of the body, such as eyes and feet, rather than the inner ear. If it is used, the brain will minimize the symptoms of vertigo and participate maintain body balance. This therapy is done with the guidance of specialist audiology or physiotherapist.
Drugs that Can Be Used
An attack of vertigo can be treated with drugs are:
Length taking medications given by the doctor depending on the severity of vertigo, but usually for a half to two weeks. The drugs are generally given is:
- Vertigo is caused by vestibular neuritis or Meniere's disease.
- Central vertigo.
- Vertigo without an obvious cause.
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine will block the effects of brain chemicals called dopamine . These drugs help relieve nausea and vomiting due to severe vertigo.
The side effects of prochlorperazine are tremor ( shaking ) , the movement of the body or face uncontrolled , and drowsiness .
antihistamines
Antihistamines will block the effect of a chemical compound called histamine . These drugs can be used to relieve nausea , vomiting, and vertigo symptoms milder . type of antihistamine that would normally be given by the doctor is cinnarizine , cyclizine , and promethazine theoclate .
In addition to sleepiness , these drugs may also cause side effects such as headaches and stomach aches .
Betahistine used to treat Meniere's disease and other balance disorders also have a similar way of working with antihistamines . These drugs are usually given for long-term , but their effectiveness varies in each person .
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