Croup is one type of respiratory infections commonly experienced children aged six months to three years , but can also affect children older . Croup usually caused by viruses that infect the larynx or voice box and trachea , or windpipe , both the entrance of air into the lungs . Infections of the upper respiratory tract has resulted in distinctive sound like barking cough .
Causes Croup
A common cause of croup is a parainfluenza virus. Compared to other parainfluenza viruses that are in the family, I parainfluenza virus is a type of virus that causes the most croup. The virus is spread through contact with people, objects, or any surface that has been contaminated. The virus can also be spread through the air, through sneezing and coughing. Several other viruses that can trigger croup is the flu virus (influenza A and B), measles, common cold (rhinovirus), enteroviruses (disease causing hand, foot, and mouth), and RSV (cause of pneumonia in infants).
Croup can be experienced more than once during childhood and generally occur at the same time with outbreaks of flu and colds. Boys are more affected by this disease than girls. Viral infections cause swelling of the larynx and trachea blockage which can also affect the lungs.
In addition to viral infections, bacterial infections can also be a cause. Several other conditions can also cause croup, such as accidentally inhale a small object or substance (eg, peanuts), inflammation of the area of the epiglottis (epiglottitis), and allergies. Inhaling chemicals can also cause inflammation and trigger conditions croup, as well as the state of acid secretion from the stomach to the throat or acid reflux.
symptoms of Croup
Some of the symptoms that resemble the flu can be experienced by the child a few days before the onset of croup symptoms, such as runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever that can last up to several days.
Common symptoms of croup which then accompanies these conditions, such as difficulty breathing, hoarse voice, cough sounds like barking loud and high-pitched sounds rough when breathed. Voice and these symptoms will be more easily heard and get worse when the child cries or when they sleep at night. These symptoms can last a few days to two weeks.
See your doctor if your child has more serious symptoms, such as shortness of breath with breath taking distance is too close to the child difficult to speak or eat or drink. Listen to the sound of the child's chest to check breathing, heartbeat rhythm quickened or otherwise. Note the child becomes restless, easily annoyed, and always feel tired and sleepy. Cough worsens, fever, skin changes color to blue or pale, as well as the sternum and the ribs were more visible can also be regarded as a symptom that requires immediate medical action.
Examination conducted their own child's throat is not recommended because it can adversely affect the airways and increase swelling that makes breathing becomes increasingly difficult. Bring your child to the doctor to get a diagnosis and treatment, according to the symptoms they experienced.
diagnosis Croup
Learn the symptoms and check the physical condition of the patient, such as a cough and fever, can be done to narrow the alleged cause of croup. The doctor may perform a test to determine the levels of oxygen in the blood (pulse OXYMETRY) and determining the need for treatment in a hospital or at home.
Several other disorders, such as disorders of the airways, an abscess in the throat tissue, and allergic reactions have similar symptoms with croup. Therefore some additional tests, such as the scanning of the chest or upper trachea, may be done to rule out factor is not the cause of this condition.
treatment of Croup
Provision of adequate fluid required in dealing with mild croup at home to prevent dehydration in children. Water, breast milk, or formula can be given to infants and older children. Make children feel comfortable and calm because crying may exacerbate the symptoms of this condition. Doctors can give a kind of oral kortisteroid medication that will help relieve swelling in the throat and special child paracetamol to relieve fever and pain that arise.
Note the side effects due to administration of these drugs, such as anxiety, dizziness, stomach disorders, and vomiting. These medicines are also available in liquid form and can be obtained for free at a pharmacy or supermarket. Do not give cough medicines or decongestants because it can harm children who are experiencing difficulty breathing. Children aged under 16 years old should not be given aspirin. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about the appropriate types of medication for the condition and age of your child.
Children who continue to experience respiratory problems should immediately consult a physician as it may require further treatment in the hospital. A shot of adrenaline through a nebulizer can reduce the symptoms of croup are getting worse. Kids will inhale the drug in the form of tiny water droplets.
In other cases, children may require intubation, namely the inclusion of a tube through the nostril or the mouth to pass through the trachea to facilitate breathing. This process requires general anesthesia so that children do not feel fear and pain.
Cases of child deaths due to croup is rare because in most cases, this condition will get better by itself within 48 hours. Symptoms of croup can last up to two weeks and if not treated immediately croup can cause complications such as middle ear infection or pneumonia. If after treatment in hospital the child's condition does not improve, your doctor may recommend further tests to look for the possibility of other disorders, such as X-ray examination in the neck and chest area.
complications of Croup
Although rare, croup can cause respiratory disorders that lead to severe breathing disorders, and even respiratory failure. Respiratory failure condition characterized by cessation of breathing, but the heart still beating.
Another complication is inflammation of one or both of lung tissue known as pneumonia. Other infections are bacterial tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea), middle ear infections, and lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes).
prevention Croup
Maintain cleanliness and keep children from other patients is the main thing in preventing the spread of croup. As with any flu, the disease can spread easily if you are not diligent to get children to be diligent hand washing. Encourage the child to direct sneeze into the elbow area to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to others. In addition, routine vaccination also be another way to protect children from these types of infections trigger croup condition. Some children who have preventive vaccines, among others MMR vaccine for protection against measles, German measles or rubella, and mumps. Then vaccine DTaP / IPV / Hib for protection against tetanus, polio, diphtheria, whooping cough and Haemophilus influenzae type b causes pneumonia.
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