Ebola became the center of world attention because of the epidemic which recently occurred . Outbreaks of this time was recorded as the highest in history by WHO . Until now , there has been no case of Ebola found in Indonesia . But caution must still be increased in order to avoid this deadly disease .
The disease is caused by a virus and can be fatal if not treated immediately. Ebola was first discovered in 1976 in Sudan and Congo. Experts suspect that the Ebola virus has been living in the body of fruit bats or Flying-Fox. The virus then spread to other animals and the possibility of human infection through the blood when they clean the blood of prey animals that have been contaminated.
Spread of Ebola Virus
Ebola is a deadly disease caused by a virus and is spread through direct contact with blood or body fluids such as urine, feces, saliva and semen. In this case, 'direct contact' means the blood or other body fluids such as saliva or nasal secretions of patients were directly touching the nose, eyes, mouth, or a wound someone who is open.
Groups of people at high risk of contracting the virus is generally a family who live with the patient or their care providers such as medical personnel. If your family members are suspected of having Ebola, you should not treat themselves at home and immediately took him to the hospital. During the treatment, patients with Ebola will undergo close monitoring and routine laboratory tests because they can transmit the disease for blood and body fluids still contain viruses.
Surrounding environment contaminated with Ebola virus is also a risk of spreading the disease. For example, clothing, linens, and used needles and patients. Therefore, medical personnel caring for Ebola patients need to increase awareness and maximize the use of protection.
Ebola virus can survive outside the body, including the skin of the patient. Therefore, funeral tradition which requires family or close friends for bathing the corpse also potentially transmit Ebola virus. Family and medical personnel are advised to handle the bodies of Ebola patient with maximum protection. Funeral process is best left to those trained in handling this type of case.
Unlike in the case of the flu or chicken pox when saliva in the air can transmit the virus to another person, body fluids of Ebola patients need direct contact to spread. Droplets of saliva or mucus Ebola sufferer who accidentally sneeze or cough can only transmit the virus if exposed to the nose, eyes, mouth, and open wounds someone. Therefore, Ebola transmission through coughing or sneezing is not a common occurrence.
Although rare, Ebola infection can also occur in public places other than in hospitals such as airports, restaurants, schools, and offices.
Symptoms of Ebola
The incubation period, ie the interval between the entry of the virus into the body until the first symptoms appear, the disease Ebola is approximately 2-21 days. But patients with Ebola do not transmit the virus before showing symptoms. Transmission of Ebola virus will only begin to occur at the time the symptoms appear. Early symptoms indicating this disease include:
Once the symptoms above, it would appear that advanced symptoms include:
- Bouts of fever that comes suddenly.
- Headache.
- Felt very limp.
- Pain in the muscles and joints.
- Sore throat.
Ebola virus can spread rapidly and very deadly, so avoid contact direct contact with patients. If you suspect you or your family members infected with Ebola virus, see your doctor for a checkup.
- Gag.
- Rash.
- Impaired renal and liver function.
- Bleeding in the body which sometimes come out through the mouth, nose, eyes, or ears.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Ebola
Including Ebola disease difficult to detect because the initial symptoms are similar to other diseases, such as meningitis and malaria. Diagnosis of infection from the virus can only be confirmed through laboratory tests.
To confirm the diagnosis, your doctor may recommend a special examination of the Ebola virus through blood and body fluids. In addition to virus tests, the results of blood tests are also usually indicates the number of white blood cells and platelets are low, as well as increased levels of liver enzymes.
After being positively diagnosed with Ebola, the patient will undergo intensive treatment in the hospital. Medical care quickly and accurately is a major key in increasing the possibility of patient safety.
Not found drugs to combat the Ebola virus. But continued research to find effective vaccines and drugs to deal with this disease.
The treatment is carried out only purpose is to support the patient's immune response against the virus. Patients generally receive intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration. During the body fight Ebola disease, blood pressure, oxygen levels in the blood, as well as the function of the patient's organs to be preserved as much as possible.
Step Preventing the spread of Ebola Virus
Initial transmission Ebola virus is through contact with infected animals that spread occurs directly with patients. There are several steps you can take to prevent and limit the spread of the virus.
Especially for the medics, but there are some precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of contracting Ebola. Among others:
- Finding out about the Ebola virus as much as possible.
- If there are family members or people around you who may be infected with Ebola, immediately take them to undergo examination and treatment in hospital.
- When to visit patients in the hospital or in the vicinity of patients, use of protection as safe as possible. For example, by wearing a mask, gloves and protective clothing and eyewear.
- Always wash your hands, especially after direct contact with the patient's skin. Included also with blood, body fluids, and objects around the patient.
- The bodies of Ebola patients should be treated with maximum protection and by those trained in handling this type of case.
- Avoid traveling to areas with high Ebola cases such as West Africa.
- If you're in the area at risk of transmitting Ebola, avoid contact with animals potentially spread it. For example, or the Flying-Fox fruit bats and monkeys.
- Cooking meat until completely cooked before consumption.
- Be careful when handling blood, body fluids, catheters, as well as when an IV drip patient.
- Use a maximum protection, for example by wearing a mask, gloves and protective clothing and eyewear.
- Always wash your hands, especially after direct contact with the patient's skin. Including blood, body fluids, and objects around the patient.
- Sterilize the medical equipment before reuse.
- Dispose of disposable medical supplies, such as syringes, carefully.
- Isolate patients suspected of having Ebola or Ebola in a special room and limit the number of visitors to a minimum.
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