Nearsightedness is an eye condition that causes close objects clearly visible while distant objects look blurry . This condition is also referred to as myopia .
The severity of nearsightedness are very diverse and vary depending on each patient . People with mild nearsightedness generally do not require special handling . While that is quite severe nearsightedness will affect the ability to view an infected should be treated carefully .
Symptoms farsightedness
Symptoms of nearsightedness can happen to anyone, of any age. But these conditions are generally beginning to be felt by infected in childhood up to school age.
Here are the symptoms of nearsightedness that appear in general.
- Blurred vision when viewing distant objects that often squinting, such as difficulty seeing the letters on the board.
- Headaches due to eye work excessively.
- Excessive frequency wink
- Often rubbed his eyes.
- Looks are not aware of the existence of distant objects.
The symptoms will gradually get worse with age and eye development. For example the elderly, decreased ability of the eye is usually associated with the formation of cataracts in the lens of the eye.
If you or your child has decreased significantly the power of vision to interfere with daily activities, check the condition of your eyes or your child to an ophthalmologist.
Severity farsightedness
Nearsightedness is divided into three categories, namely nearsightedness light, medium, and heavy. This grouping is determined based diopters (D), which is owned by the patient. Diopters is the unit of measurement used medical experts in measuring how severe a person's degree of nearsightedness.
Patients with mild nearsightedness generally only need glasses to perform certain activities, for example, when studying, driving, or watching television. If measuring -0.5D up -3D, relatively mild nearsightedness.
If you suffer from nearsightedness intermediate level or diopters -3D until -6D, you are recommended to always wear glasses or contact lenses. While the severe nearsightedness, which is more than -6D, people can only see objects clearly if held very close to the eye, and without wearing glasses.
Causes and Triggers factor farsightedness
In normal conditions, the cornea or lens of the eye has a shape and a smooth surface so that the bias of incoming light can be focused on the retina. But it is different with a person with rabuh away.
Refractive damage to the eye is the primary cause of nearsightedness. This condition occurs when light entering the eye is precisely focused on the right front of the retina rather than on the retina. This is what causes the view becomes blurred.
The cause behind the damage is not yet known with certainty. Experts suspect this condition can be triggered by two main factors, namely genetic and environmental influences.
Children with parents who suffer from nearsightedness have a risk of about 30 percent higher for suffering from the same condition. The influence of the environment also plays an important role, for example, too often read, watch television or use the computer.
The diagnosis process is farsightedness
Nearsightedness usually can be diagnosed through an eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. In this process, the optometrist will ask you to read each of the letters or numbers with different sizes on the table from a certain distance. If needed, an optometrist can refer you to an eye doctor to undergo retinoskopi to see the reaction of the retina to light.
People with nearsightedness are advised to conduct eye examinations regularly so that progress can be monitored his condition. The frequency that the well is at least once every two years.
The frequency of checks is more often is sometimes required to detect eye conditions. For example, a diabetic, aged over 40 years, suffering from glaucoma or have a family member with glaucoma.
Myopia Treatment Step Away
Handling nearsighted do to help so that light can be focused on the retina. The type of treatment chosen depends on the age of the patient, the severity of myopia, as well as the patient's condition.
- The use of glasses or contact lenses
Handling steps nearsighted most simple and affordable is to use glasses or contact lenses. Selection of glasses and contact lenses depends on your needs and your comfort. If you choose contact lenses, keep the contact lens hygiene is very important that you avoid eye infections.
- Operation with laser beam
The process of laser surgery may also be an alternative. It is estimated that approximately 90 percent of patients that underwent felt significant changes.
In this operation, the laser beam is used to burn a small portion of the cornea in order to curve back to normal. Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), laser in keratectomy (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) are the three types of laser surgery can be an option.
After undergoing LASEK or LASIK, eye abilities you'll be back in 24 to 48 hours. But total recovery generally takes up to a month. As for PRK, vision recovery process until stabilized can last longer, ie up to half a year.
During the healing period, the ability of your eyes will fluctuate for a while. For example, a decrease in the ability to see at night and blurry vision when exposed to bright light. However, this condition will slowly be reduced. Your eyes may also feel dry so you will need eye drops to cope.
Please note that this procedure is not suitable for nearsighted patients aged under 21 years old because their eyes are still developing. This operation can not be done if you are too thin corneas because of the risk of complications and side effects can be fatal, such as blindness.
In addition, this operation is also not suitable for diabetics, people with a weakened immune system (for example, people with HIV), pregnant or lactating mothers, as well as with glaucoma or cataracts.
- Implantation of artificial lenses
Other alternative treatment is the implantation of an artificial lens into the eye. This process is done to treat nearsightedness high severity which can not be treated with laser surgery. This procedure can be done by inserting an artificial lens without removing the lens of the eye that is original or replace the original lens with an artificial lens.
Implantation of artificial lenses without removing the original lens is also called a phakic lens implantation. This process is generally performed on patients aged 25 to 45 years. While the lens replacement procedure is usually more suitable for elderly patients who also suffer from disorders or damage to the other eye, for example glaucoma.
The most common complication occurring in the implantation procedure is darkening of the posterior capsule, which is an artificial lens that thicken and cause blurred vision. This complication occurs largely in a period and a half to five years after surgery. In addition to fraud, there are several other potential complications include glaucoma, cataracts, decreased ability to see at night, as well as the shift of the retina.
Development of Myopia Prevention Away
Nearsightedness can not be prevented completely. However, there are some simple steps you can take to protect the eyes and reduce the progression of your condition. Such measures include:
- Protect eyes from the sun. Use sunglasses while traveling during the day.
- Eyes checked regularly.
- Using glasses or contact lenses with the right size and appropriate eye conditions.
- Recognizing the symptoms of nearsightedness carefully.
- Adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as quitting smoking and increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables (especially those rich in vitamin A).
- experienced control chronic diseases, especially diabetes and hypertension.
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